药学学科研究生培养目标模型构建

利用Nvivo11软件对国内58所和美国30所药学院校的培养目标文本进行质性分析,探索了两国培养目标文本的结构和差异,根据学生发展核心素质理论、核心领域能力、领导技能等设计了适合我国药学院校培养目标构建的结构模型,有助于方便准确的构建出符合学校特色且完善的药学硕士研究生培养目标。本研究还提出国内药学院校在构建培养目标时,应更加尊重学校历史特色,同时注重研究生全球化、领导力意识、创新创业意识、人文素质、责任担当等方面的要求,才能保障研究生全面发展,增强研究生的职业竞争优势。     

Hepatitis B virus subgenotype C2- and B2-associated mutation patterns may be responsible for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,respectively

The objective of this study was to examine hepatitis B virus (HBV) subgenotypes and mutations in enhancer II, basal core promoter, and precore regions of HBV in relation to risks of liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Southeast China. A case-control study was performed, including chronic hepatitis B (CHB; n=125), LC (n=120), and HCC (n=136). HBV was genotyped by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and subgenotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism. HBV mutations were measured by DNA sequencing. HBV genotype C (68.2%) predominated and genotype B (30.2%) was the second most common. Of these, C2 (67.5%) was the most prevalent subgenotype, and B2 (30.2%) ranked second. Thirteen mutations with a frequency >5% were detected. Seven mutation patterns (C1653T, G1719T, G1730C, T1753C, A1762T, G1764A, and G1799C) were associated with C2, and four patterns (C1810T, A1846T, G1862T, and G1896A) were associated with B2. Six patterns (C1653T, G1730C, T1753C, A1762T, G1764A, and G1799C) were obviously associated with LC, and 10 patterns (C1653T, G1730C, T1753C, A1762T, G1764A, G1799C, C1810T, A1846T, G1862T, and G1896A) were significantly associated with HCC compared with CHB. Four patterns (C1810T, A1846T, G1862T, and G1896A) were significantly associated with HCC compared with LC. Multivariate regression analyses showed that HBV subgenotype C2 and C2-associated mutation patterns (C1653T, T1753C, A1762T, and G1764A) were independent risk factors for LC when CHB was the control, and that B2-associated mutation patterns (C1810T, A1846T, G1862T, and G1896A) were independent risk factors for HCC when LC was the control.     

Intestinal mucosa permeability following oral insulin delivery using core shell corona nanolipoparticles

Chitosan nanoparticles (NC) have excellent capacity for protein entrapment, favorable epithelial permeability, and are regarded as promising nanocarriers for oral protein delivery. Herein, we designed and evaluated a class of core shell corona nanolipoparticles (CSC) to further improve the absorption through enhanced intestinal mucus penetration. CSC contains chitosan nanoparticles as a core component and pluronic F127-lipid vesicles as a shell with hydrophilic chain and polyethylene oxide PEO as a corona. These particles were developed by hydration of a dry pluronic F127-lipid film with NC suspensions followed by extrusion. Insulin nested inside CSC was well protected from enzymatic degradation. Compared with NC, CSC exhibited significantly higher efficiency of mucosal penetration and, consequently, higher cellular internalization of insulin in mucus secreting E12 cells. The cellular level of insulin after CSC treatment was 36-fold higher compared to treatment with free insulin, and 10-fold higher compared to NC. CSC significantly facilitated the permeation of insulin across the ileum epithelia, as demonstrated in an ex vivo study and an in vivo absorption study. CSC pharmacological studies in diabetic rats showed that the hypoglycemic effects of orally administrated CSC were 2.5-fold higher compared to NC. In conclusion, CSC is a promising oral protein delivery system to enhance the stability, intestinal mucosal permeability, and oral absorption of insulin.     

Influence of butyphthalide combined with urinary kallikrein in ACI treatment on neuro-cytokines and vascular endothelial function and its clinical effect

Abstract

Objective: To study the influence of butyphthalide combined with urinary kallikrein in acute cerebral infarction (ACI) treatment on neuro-cytokines and indicators of vascular endothelial function, observe the curative effect and adverse effects, and discuss its safety and feasibility.

Method: 110 ACI patients were chosen as the objects, and classified into observation group (55 cases) and control group (55 cases) according to the method of random number table. Butyphthalide injection combined with urinary kallikrein was adopted for the observation group based on conventional treatment, while cinepazide maleate injection combined with alprostadil injection was applied for the control group based on conventional treatment. The following indicators of both groups were compared before and after treatment: neurotrophic factor (NTF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neuron specific enolase (NSE); content of CXC chemotactic factor ligand 16 (CXCL16), soluble CD ligand (CD40L), Fibulin-5 and high mobility group box B1 (HMGB1); the content of indicators of vascular endothelial function including plasma endothelin ?1 (ET-1) and no therapeutic effects and adverse effects were recorded.

Results: NSE of both groups after treatment decreased obviously, and the content of NTF and NGF increased obviously. NSE content of observation group was lower than that of control group. NTF content and NGF content of observation group were higher than those of control group. The differences had statistical significance (p?<?0.05). The levels of CXCL16, CD40L, Fibulin-5 and HMGB1 declined obviously, compared with pre-treatment, and the levels of observation groups were significantly lower than those of control grip. The differences had statistical significance (p?<?0.05). ET-1 level rose significantly after treatment, and NO level declined obviously after treatment. ET-1 level of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group, and NO level of observation group was significantly lower than that of control group. The difference had statistical significance (p?<?0.05). Clinical effect of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group. The difference had statistical significance (p?<?0.05). The comparison difference of both groups in the occurrence rate of adverse effects had no statistical significance (p?>?0.05).

Conclusion: The application of butyphthalide combined with urinary kallikrein in ACI treatment can effectively inhibit secretion and release of neuro-cytokines, and improve patients’ vascular endothelial function, with significant treatment effect and high safety. Therefore, it deserves to be promoted clinically.     

基于结构保持因子的显微图像滤波质量客观评价指标

【摘要】目的:解决计算机辅助精子质量分析系统缺乏显微图像滤波算法性能客观评价指标的问题。方法:首先对精子跟踪轨迹连续性、滤波图像直方图、滤波算法性能三者之间的相关性进行研究,然后对不同噪声密度下的相关性进行量化计算,最后建立结构保持因子数学计算模型。结果:滤波算法的结构保持因子越大,精子跟踪轨迹连续性等级越高,证明结构保持因子作为显微图像滤波性能衡量的有效性。结论:结构保持因子克服了显微图像滤波算法性能评价的主观性,该指标可为精子显微图像滤波算法的选取提供理论指导,从计算机图像处理角度为计算机精子质量检测系统提供质控依据。     

Loss of core fucosylation suppressed the humoral immune response in Salmonella typhimurium infected mice

BackgroundThe humoral immune response is pivotal to protect the host from Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection. Previously, we found that core fucosylation catalyzed by core fucosyltransferase (Fut8) could regulate the immune responses. However, the role of core fucosylation during S. typhimurium infection remains unclear.MethodsTo demonstrate the role of Fut8 in S. typhimurium infection, we infected Fut8^+/+ and Fut8^−/− mice using S. typhimurium. The production of antiserum against the S. typhimurium was detected. The expression of T and B cell activation-related genes during S. typhimurium infection was analyzed. The role of core fucosylation on CD4⁺ T-B cell interaction and B cell generation was investigated during S. typhimurium infection. The production of sIgA was compared between Fut8^+/+ and Fut8^−/− mice.ResultsCompared to Fut8^+/+ mice, the number of S. typhimurium colonized in the cecum was markedly increased in Fut8^−/− mice. The production of the IgG and sIgA specific for S. typhimurium was significantly decreased in Fut8^−/− mice. Moreover, loss of Fut8 decreased the induction of Th2-type cytokines from splenic cells of Fut8^−/− mice during S. typhimurium infection. In addition, we found that the core fucosylation regulated the interaction between B and T cells in the lipid raft formation.ConclusionCore fucosylation plays important roles in host defence against S. typhimurium infection.     

穿刺活检在儿童及青少年颌面部肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨穿刺活检诊断儿童及青少年颌面部肿瘤的准确性和安全性。方法:收集2017年1月—2018年7月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院口腔颌面-头颈肿瘤科门诊收治的18岁以下颌面部肿瘤病例共10例,其中男6例,女4例,平均年龄12岁（8~18岁）,所有患者均采用穿刺活检进行诊断。粗针穿刺：使用16G穿刺针取3~5条组织;细针穿刺：用10 mL针筒吸取细胞。对比穿刺病理及术后病理诊断,并记录穿刺后并发症情况。结果:粗针穿刺共4例,3例接受手术治疗。1例穿刺病理为纤维母细胞/肌纤维细胞性肿瘤。2例为横纹肌肉瘤,1例诊断为非肿瘤性病变。细针穿刺共6例,5例接受手术治疗。1例穿刺病理为朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症或巨细胞肉芽肿待排;1例穿刺见大量血液;1例为小圆细胞肿瘤;1例为左下颌下淋巴结穿刺见大量炎症细胞;1例为上皮性恶性肿瘤;1例为横纹肌肉瘤。粗针及细针穿刺后进行手术的患者,大体标本病理诊断与穿刺病理诊断结果均一致。穿刺后均未发生大出血、伤口感染、肿瘤穿刺通道种植转移等并发症。结论:穿刺活检诊断儿童及青少年颌面部肿瘤安全、准确。